Chapter Four – Exodus and Conquest

LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR THE PATRIARCHS    p. 136

Fig 52 Iron Age four-roomed house from Tall Umayri, Jordan

ISRAEL IN EGYPT: POSSIBLE EVIDENCE    p. 137

• Hyksos and Rameses    p. 137

Fig 53 Mudbrick wall at Tell el-Dabʿa (Avaris or Rameses)

• Asiatic Residences    p. 138
• Hyksos Palace and Empty Sarcophagus    p. 139
• A Plague and Abrupt End    p. 139
• Possible Egyptian References to the Exodus    p. 139

Fig 54 Mortuary Temple, Egypt

1. The Destruction of Mankind    p. 140
2. Berlin Statue Pedestal Relief    p. 141

Fig 55 Drawing of the Berlin relief

• Mount Sinai    p. 144

Fig 37 St. Catherine Greek Orthodox Monastery in front of Jebel Musa, Egypt

ENCAMPMENT PRIOR TO ENTERING THE PROMISED LAND    p. 145

JOSHUA AND THE CONQUEST    p. 146

• Conquest Theories    p. 146

1. The Conquest Theory
2. The Peaceful Infiltration Theory
3. The Peasant Revolt Theory
4. The Peaceful Withdrawal Theory
5. The Climate Change Theory

• Jericho (Joshua 2–3)    p. 148

Archaeological Evidence    p. 151

Fig 56 Jericho, Tell es-Sulṭân
Fig 57 Philistine bichrome ware jugs from Megiddo
Fig 58 Mudbrick wall at Jericho
Fig 59 The author holding a large mudbrick from the site of OT Jericho
Fig 60 Grain storage jars in Jericho

• Ai (Joshua 7–8)    p. 153

Archaeological Evidence   p. 155

Fig 61 Gate at Khirbet el-Maqatir (Ai?)
Fig 62 Scarab seal from Khirbet el-Maqatir

• Hazor (Joshua 11)    p. 156

CONCLUSION    p. 157

Bonus Material

CHART 4: LATE BRONZE AGE DISCOVERIES

•   Egyptian Execration Texts
•   el-Amarna Tablets
•   Ras Shamra Tablets
•   Merenptah Stele
•   Two Inscribed Phoenician columns
•   Merenptah’s Battle Reliefs, Karnak Temple
•   Ipuwer Papyrus
•   Destruction of Mankind Papyrus
•   Tale of Two Brothers Papyrus
•   Hatshepsut erased by Tuthmosis III