Chapter Six – The Gospels

ABSALOM’S TOMB INSCRIPTION    p. 185

Fig 73 Absalom’s Tomb in the Kidron Valley

HEROD THE GREAT    p. 186

• Herod’s Tomb    p. 187

Fig 74 Al Khazneh or The Treasury at Petra, Jordan
Fig 75 Looking inside the dome of the Herodium

KHIRBET QUMRAN    p. 189

Fig 21 Dead Sea storage jar
Fig 22 Dead Sea Scroll reproduction
Fig 23 Qumran Cave number 4
Fig 24 Dead Sea Scroll Messianic Testimony (4Q175) 

• Qumran and the Essenes    p. 189

Fig 76 Scriptorium room at Qumran
Fig 28 Qumran benches
Fig 29 Qumran scriptorium
Fig 31 Qumran inkwell

• Qumran and Baptism    p. 190
• John the Baptist and the Essenes    p. 191

Fig 77 Bronze Sestertius coin (AD 71) of Vespasian (AD 69-79)

HEROD ANTIPAS    p. 192

• Livias (Tall el-Ḥammâm)    p. 193

Fig 78 mikva’ot (ritual purity baths), Qumran
Fig 79 Madaba Map, Jordan
Fig 80 Roman mile marker to Livias
Fig 81 Livia Drusilla, (58 BC-AD 29, Tiberius’ mother)
Fig 82 Roman bath complex Tall el-Hammâm, Jordan

• Oil Lamps    p. 195

Fig 83 Oil lamp fragments from the 2009 Tall el-Ḥammâm excavation

EPHRAIM – KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR    p. 196

POOL OF SILOAM    p. 196

Fig 84 Drawing of the Pool of Siloam, Jerusalem
Fig 85 Pool of Siloam, newly discovered in 2004
Fig 86 Artist’s depiction of the Pool of Siloam

GOSPEL OF JUDAS    p. 198

Fig 87 Gospel of Judas (Page 33 of Codex Tchacos)

OSSUARIES    p. 200

Fig 88 Ossuaries in the Dominus Flevit (“The Lord wept”) Church

• The Talpiot Tomb    p. 201

Fig 89 Ossuary of the high priest, Joseph, son of Caiaphas (Yosef Bar Kayafa)

• The James Ossuary    p. 203

Fig 90 Close-up of the Aramaic inscription on the James ossuary
Fig 91 The James ossuary (bone box)

GABRIEL’S REVELATION    p. 204

Fig 92 Dead Sea from Machaerus

SOREG INSCRIPTIONS    p. 206

Fig 93 Jerusalem, Herod’s Temple Mount at the time of Jesus
Fig 94 The Theodotus inscription, Temple Mount

Bonus Material

CHART 6: ROMAN PERIOD DISCOVERIES I

• Dead Sea Scrolls
• John Rylands Papyrus Fig 35 Rylands Papyrus P52 (Gr.P.457) from the Gospel of John.
• Oxyrhynchus Papyri Fig 34 Papyrus 1228 manuscript (P22 Gen 1026/13) Contains John 15:25–16:2 and 16:21–32
• Lysanias Inscription
• Pontius Pilate Inscription
• Kinneret Boat
• Caiaphas Ossuary Fig 89 Ossuary of the high priest, Joseph, son of Caiaphas (Yosef Bar Kayafa)
• Nazareth Inscription